Friday, 13 March 2009

Week 8 - Website Analysis 5

Website 5

Website 5 directly references Website 4 as a point of interest. The website outlines how the article in Website 4 was effective and gave a general overview of the author’s feelings. Website 5 then attempts to analyse what happened in the previous article from an academic perspective “The all-powerful tools of technology are an enormous help to the writer, but as a digital immigrant she has already developed baseline skills in three distinct and critical aptitudes, the areas of concentration, contemplation and knowledge construction.”

The website then goes on to suggest solutions to the problems that digital immigration poses. The premise is once again around education, and the way that technology should be incorporated. “Those who work with children must find a way to incorporate technology into a lesson structure that helps students learn what technology cannot teach them”. I have struggled, in past posts, to believe that children don’t need the interaction of teachers and are able to learn from a machine just as well, this website complies: “Technology cannot teach them to reflect upon and evaluate the information they are gathering online. For that, the role of teachers and parents remains fundamentally important.”

The website is clear and easy to read, yet insightful into the world of digital immigration offering information and advice to the reader. The site is a child site from a much larger and well recognised website. This, and the astute musings of the content allow the reader to put trust in both the article and the arguments put forward.

Week 8 - Website Analysis 4

Website 4

Website 4 is an article from a well known national newspaper. It deals with a mother of a 15 year old about to take his GCSE’s, and her inability to connect with the way he works and revises. This insightful article is well thought out and references Prensky directly. You find a sense of trust in the site not only because it is attached to an accredited newspaper, but also because she brings in other points of view and experts in the field to find out more, you feel that she is on a personal journey.

She questions some of the issues that Prensky has brought up, when talking about the advantages of revising online (such as emailing experts, the amount of information, networking with peers) she writes, “I can see that that broadens his knowledge, but does it deepen it?” She also supports Prensky’s view of the inherent differences in the way that digital natives and digital immigrants work and learn. Digital natives, “like receiving information quickly from multiple media sources.”

She deals with a lot of issues surrounding digital immigration, such as how teenagers read and process information, however, she is guilty, like Prensky of generalizing, “Today's teenagers have an assumed ownership of technology”. She ignores the digital divide and makes an assumption that all children today are technophiles. This, perhaps, would have confused matters though in an otherwise clear article. Bringing in the digital divide for an article not meant for media academics, but for the educated middle class, may have been too much information and so the generalization may have helped in that way?

The article is written in a witty and straightforward way, dealing with complicated issues in a simple yet intelligible way. This seems to be a good introduction to Prensky’s theories.

Week 8 - Article Reviews

Article 1

Whilst I found this article on ‘Academic search elite’, the style and content seemed a bit colloquial; it wouldn’t have been out of place on a blog. The author is a teacher who is observing his pupils interaction with various new technologies. He names the new technology, such as Nintendo DS or myspace.com and explains their functions and appeals. He, like Prensky, tended to generalise who technology was aimed at and used by. He focussed on students, when a lot of older people have and use the internet and games technology. This section also seemed to me to be very derivative, it all seemed very obvious. This could seal my status as a digital native, or perhaps it challenges his status as an academic author of new technologies. Although some parts were witty ( I particularly liked his “any passport to the digital world is likely to stay current for ten months at best” quote at the end) I don’t feel although I learned anything in particular from the article.

Article 2

This article focused on the interaction of elementary school children in America with games to improve their English skills. Prensky referred to the amount of video games that children play and how they could be used as a teaching aid. The article recognizes that there has been little research in the field to prove or disprove the theory. Without referencing him directly, the author pays tribute to Prensky’s ideas. “Successful teachers have long co-opted the existing interests and activities of their students into their curricular materials and instructional practices.” I found the article interesting. It recognised that its findings were not concrete evidence for the use of game-based learning, and that there needed to be more work done in the field, but is a small stepping stone to finding if these new ways can benefit the education system.

Article 3

This article is a self confessed precautionary tale about online courses and the ‘slackness’ of the use of copyrighted material. Whilst as soon as I read the title, I thought I would disagree instantly (it seemed like it would be written by a technophobe stuck in their own ways) I found the article interesting. It brings into light another problem that e-learning creates, without disregarding or undermining the use of digital learning. It advises the reader on the dangers of using copyrighted material through the internet, and the universities that make texts available online without getting the proper permission. The case study it looked into was Georgia State University, who got sued by Cambridge University Press and Oxford University Press for “pervasive, flagrant, and ongoing’ unauthorized distribution of copyrighted material through its electronic course reserves service, its Blackboard/WebCT” Although the links to students and youths is quite weak in this article (though not non-existent), I found the new information and the fresh look at the subject reason enough to include it.

Article 4

This article was concerned with the future of marketing and new technologies. It was easy to read yet was witty and informative. It was extremely short so couldn’t go into too much detail and simply gave a general overview on a consumer’s link with new technology. He criticized more senior members of big corporations for not being tech savvy and implies a need for a better understanding of the enormity of the potential for marketers to reach people (in particular the young) through new technologies. Although it was an academic essay, it wasn’t an in depth look at a theory, or a critical analysis. In some parts I felt it was too general and lacking in new information.

Article 5

This article deals with produserism, without referencing it directly. It focuses mainly on the use of mobiles as a tool of empowerment, “We are the eighth mass media. We are the distribution, the content, the medium, and the message carried with it.” I feel that the author took a long time to say very little. The gist of the article could have been condensed into two paragraphs. Whilst the issue was something pertinent to the unit, and the course, it didn’t offer a fresh perspective on the matter and was a general and basic overview of something that is key in understanding new media.

Week 8 - Website Analysis 3

Week 3

This website epitomises the use of digital learning and technophilia, it is a project whose aim is, “to understand and support young people as they grow up in a digital age. Within the project, we make use of a variety of methods to investigate a range of themes pertaining to young people and their use of technologies.” The website is a nod to its own mission statement, being very easy to navigate and professional looking.

Whilst it looks at digital natives from the same perspective as Prensky, it doesn’t restrict the variable of digital ‘nativism’ simply to age, it looks at other factors that can affect a persons connectivity with technology. It strives to understand how people are affected and the best ways to help them learn in this new way (if they are doing so).

The site is unique as it doesn’t theorise around the ideas as much as the other websites do, it is a project with an aim and is active in it’s approach to the effects of technology on young people. Though in some parts the goals of the organization could be made clearer, and it would be nice to see what action they are currently taking to make a difference like any events or school visits etc?

It is, however, easy for the reader to put trust in the site, not only because it appears professional, but also because there are links to other academic sources and there is a child page entitled ‘publications’ listing the books that the organisation has produced.
I think that although the site is well set out and has an air of authority about it, it doesn’t really “say” a lot, there is little relevant information on the website and information is repeated and the flowery language tends to hide the lack of pertinent content.

Friday, 6 March 2009

Week 8 - Website analysis 2

In your blog criticise each website (without giving details that would send a reader directly there) in terms of up-to-dateness, usability and practicing what it preaches.

Website 2

Website 2 is a blog from an established academic with a book on sale surrounding convergence culture and many other aspects of new media. The overall look of the page is very professional, graphics are clear and he adheres to the “good website rules”. He clearly references Prensky’s On the Horizon, then adds his own views on the subject. It is a useful website, not only to the insights of an academic on the subject, but also the good blogging style he adopts.
The author of the website is relatively balanced in his musings. He does use a lot of quotes, which can sometimes override his own views; however, they do seem relevant to the topics he chooses.


One of his most pertinent ruminations is that of the concept of ‘digital immigration’ masking the different degrees of immersion that children and young adults have. The digital divide is something that keeps coming back in my research into ‘digital immigration’. It was an issue for the author of my ‘website 1’ and for others that I have discarded for various reasons. I think it is important that we recognise the digital divide when looking at digital immigration.

He also references another website (which I will be using as website 3) who are keen to make the changes to learning outlined by Prensky. The author would rather see a mix between old styles of learning, whilst incorporating new technology. He sees a complex relationship between the traditional and new media. I think this is key if we are going to head in a different direction with learning. There may be unforeseen problems with new kinds of learning, which some children may not adapt to, it is important to keep some sort of conventional proven techniques. As with this unit on our course, some struggled with it and others flourished, I think it is important that we kept some other units as more traditional.

Overall the website is a great insight into the complexities of the theory, with an opportunity to comment (I’m ashamed to say that thus far I have only lurked on this particular site). You get a feeling that the author is credible, he has a photo of himself and a list of the books he has written. On the whole his ideas are well thought out and inclusive of different aspects of theory.

Week 8 - Website Analysis 1

In your blog criticise each website (without giving details that would send a reader directly there) in terms of up-to-dateness, usability and practicing what it preaches

Website 1

This particular website offers many articles, one in particular that directly references Prensky featuring the writer’s thoughts on digital immigration. The articles are written from an academic perspective, referencing clearly and in the appropriate style, so it would be useful for research purposes. This website offers a different view on the Prensky’s ideas, but is still written in a balanced and thought-provoking way.

One of his main issues surrounds the way in which Prensky homogenises the young and ignores their (or our?) different demographics. He believes that the young haven’t been subjected to the same amount of technology as each other. Throughout this course my eyes have been opened to the impact that technology has on our learning methods and think that social demographics feature highly as a variable in the effect of ‘new media’. Will a child who has been brought up in an environment where the family can afford the best and most recent technology, video games, computers and phones have the same “accent” as a child who was brought up having only library resources or school computers to ‘keep up’ with this fast paced way of learning? Although I can also understand Prensky’s view in that as a whole the younger generation has changed.

The author also finds it difficult to believe the impact of new technologies on our neurological structures will be as great as Prensky infers. He believes that we are de-emphasizing older ways of learning that are still relevant and essential today. He recognises that the way we learn is changing but thinks that we don’t learn from computers, we learn through them.
The website is an attribute to itself. The author makes it clear how he believes children will look at the internet as a main resource to learn with, but will not want to leave old ways of learning behind. This website isn’t a particularly new way of learning, it’s a non-interactive, linear article, but it can be found in a new way.

On the whole, I agreed with his main ideas. I do not think that a video game can be an effective teacher, and neither does he. He outlines how teachers need help in adapting to these changes and I agree. Although games and technology can be effective, they aren’t as interactive as teachers, they can’t sense the mood of the room or adapt their ideas to struggling children. They can’t give personal help or guidance in the way that a teacher can and I think the only way that we can use this technology to our advantage in learning, is to get teachers involved with it and to use it as a part of their overall lesson plans, but not as a replacement.

Week 7- main task

Distance Learning in America

“The development of new technologies is creating a revolution in education and training in the United States” (Strehle: no date)

Distance learning has been used as an aid to studying as well as a primary resource of education in America. Most of the ‘on-campus’ programmes offer an increasing amount of online information for students. The use of distance learning technology is controversial in America, some academics view this as a threat to the quality of higher education. Distance learning uses a lot of new technologies and they are rapidly expanding in America. This has caused the obsolescence of ‘early teaching methods’ worrying the ‘old school’ style of teachers.

There is question whether distance learning is taking over ‘on-campus’ learning, or whether the number of students is simply increasing. The opportunity for students to learn in their own time allows them to have jobs at the same time, whilst gaining an invaluable qualification that is revered by many American employers. Strehle argues that there are simply more people applying for higher education and that there are still enough benefits to on-campus learning that people will apply for on-site University regardless.

It is the public institutions that are responsible for a lot of the distance learning, with 90% of them offering some sort of distance learning course. This does not include highly selective Universities (Harvard, Yale, etc.) They think that learning starts in the laboratory.

Employers are particularly keen on distance learning, as employees can get new qualifications and skills with fewer costs for travelling and lodging. The military are also keen to use this type of distance learning for their recruits, to cut costs and use time effectively.

Whilst a lot of Americans are worried about distance learning and it’s effects on the education system, I think that it has provided a good alternative to conventional learning and it has a lot of positives, such as learning in your own time and space with less costs. I don’t see this new system encroaching on campus based universities, but simply offering those who for some reason can’t attend, an alternative way to learn.

Strehl, G, (no date) Ingeta, Distance Learning In America, http://www.ingenta.com/institute2000/strehle.pdf [06.03.09]

Week 7 - Distance learning in China

Distance Learning in China

China defines creative education through their Television University. They meet the need for cheaper, more effective education systems in their over-crowded and under-educated country. I can see distinct advantages and disadvantages for this unique way of learning. This kind of learning could have set the standard for a new way of working and learning with technology, like learning through the internet and computers

Advantages

The advantages, which are set out throughout the text, are that it answers some of the problems that China has had with its higher education structure and statistics, adults who have little time or resources to learn have become able to join these flexible and wide-ranging courses to the ultimate benefit of the economics of China.
“Most of them went on to make valuable contributions to industrial and agricultural enterprises or to cultural and educational institutes”
Learning through TV could possibly be more visually stimulating and easy to follow. I imagine that this universal standard of teaching would be of a high quality, so there would be little to no
issues with its worth, and it has been received well in China.

Disadvantages

The main disadvantage that I can see with this type of learning is that it is impersonal and not interactive. Although there may be people on hand to answer questions, the television can’t read the mood of the room or explain things in a different way that would be more useful to a group of individuals. There is little interactivity with a television. The tutors wouldn’t (I imagine) be on first name terms with the pupils and I think that you may feel that the service you get is too formal. I imagine you’d feel a little bit like a learning machine?

Week 7 - Distance learning in Zambia

The main concern of any school is the wellbeing of the children who attend. I admire the schools in Zambia for being so forward thinking in this initiative, in which children who live in areas affected by floods, Cholera, and even ‘political unrest’ can continue to learn their curriculum through ‘eLearning’ on computers or even, for younger children, on the radio.

In my ignorance, I didn’t think that Zambia had the kinds of resources outlined by John Zulu, such as iPods, flash disks and mobile phones. Upon learning this, I think that eLearning is a fantastic solution to the country’s problems. I am aware that technology is not quite as up-to-date as here, and children may have to travel to internet cafes to use computers, and as long as they continue to have the drive to succeed and continue with the work everyday, the initiative should benefit the country immensely. It will also tighten the education gap between people in poorer areas and people in more affluent parts of the country. It seems that children in African nations, as a generalisation, have much more of a desire to learn and don’t take education for granted as we so often do here.

I think the internet as a tool for learning both the dangers of Cholera and the steps to take to prevent it will help the country immensely if it develops. The steps that they are taking now to make the information known on the TV, radio and through mobile phones may help prevent the disease from taking over the lives of children and allowing them more face-to-face interactive learning, which is important for their development.

I think that as a nation we could learn from this kind of programme, it wouldn’t need to be on such a grand scale as we don’t suffer the same kinds of problems, but I think that all children and young adults should have a school or college email address that they can be contacted with any work they miss due to sickness or on those weeks where we get a bit of snow and everything shuts down. Saying this, there are actually some good eLearning websites that children can look at for revision purposes, but they are run by different governing bodies so cannot follow the curriculum as closely as the different types of eLearning does in Zambia.

As with China, there are drawbacks to this type of learning, such as the availability of resources and the fact that the system is not complete on all mediums. Also, I feel that interactive learning with a real teacher would be more beneficial for a child (although in no way am I a child psychologist or development expert) but when the choice is between eLearning and falling behind, it is the clear choice for a better educative system.

Monday, 2 March 2009

Week 6 post 2

The forum in which you are working for New Media Cultures is arguably a Community of Practice. We have shared goals, a joint enterprise, experts, newcomers and those with power. Try to put together some thoughts and reflections on which members fit into which category from our work so far and discuss your ideas of what is our joint enterprise and who fits into which role.

I was unsure whether the tasks given and the fact that we’re being marked for our inclusion may affect our behaviour and level of participation and that would mean that we wouldn’t fit into Wenger’s theory but the spectrum for a community of practice is quite large and all-encompassing and I can see the ways in which it could be described as such. The goal of the group is definitely to get the best marks possible and others include supporting each other’s projects and giving them help, and learning new computer and net-iquette skills. The role of the forum is in it’s simplest form, a shared repertoire of communal resources, in which we know the codes and conventions for successful communication and encourage fellow users.

Although we came into New Media Cultures with varying blogging or forum knowledge, we are learning at the same pace, and doing the same tasks, so the students have equal power in the forum (although it could be argued that the people who post on the forum more, have more power as they are seen as more experienced). The tutors have the most power as they are there to answer questions and ultimately mark the threads posted on the forum. This, it could be argued, changes Wenger’s Community of Practice, to an Organizational Unit, however the power of the tutors is not heavily asserted onto the students and rules are not strict. I would say that many of the students entering the unit (including myself) had never worked on a forum or a blog before and are therefore the newcomers. The experts are difficult to distinguish as we are all blogging and posting at a similar rate on the same topics, and there isn’t too much to learn in the ‘how to’ of blogging there are no real advanced styles (it could be argued that at this point we are all experts)

I can’t see any more big differences than that of the students and the tutors, who monitor the forum, can anybody else?